Color Theory 101
Understanding the fundamental concepts behind how we see, mix, and use color is the first step to mastering design.
The Basics of Color
Understanding Hue, Saturation, and Lightness
Color is not just a visual sensation but a property of light. In digital design, we often use the HSL model because it aligns with how humans perceive color.
- Hue (H): The "color" itself (e.g., red, blue, green). Measured in degrees (0-360°) on the color wheel.
- Saturation (S): The intensity or purity of the color. 100% is vibrant; 0% is grayscale.
- Lightness (L): How bright or dark the color is. 0% is black, 100% is white, and 50% is the "pure" color.
Mixing Models
Additive (RGB) vs. Subtractive (CMYK)
Depending on whether you are working with light (screens) or pigment (print), color mixing works differently.
Additive (RGB)
Used for Screens.
Start with black. Add Red, Green, and Blue light.
Result: Adding all three makes White.
Subtractive (CMYK)
Used for Print.
Start with white paper. Add Cyan, Magenta, Yellow ink.
Result: Adding all three makes Black (muddy dark brown).
Color Psychology
Emotional Impact of Color
Colors evoke emotions and associations. While cultural context matters, some universal effects exist.